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Table 1 Retrotransposition events associated with human disease

From: Roles for retrotransposon insertions in human disease

 

Insertion

Gene

CHR

Reference

Disease

Subfamily

Size

polyA tail length

Truncation

Transduction (bp)

Strand

Exon/Intron/Mechanism

Target-site duplication (TSD)

L1 EN site (5′-TTTT/AA-3′)

Note

1

Alu

ABCD1

X

Kutsche et al. 2002 [255]

ALD

AluYb9

98

20

Y/5′TR

N

S

4.7 kb Deletion

No TSD

ATTT/GT

 

2

Alu

ATP7A

X

Gu et al. 2007 [256]

Menkes Disease

AluYa5a2

282

89

N

N

AS

E

AAAAAGGACAGC

TTTT/AT

 

3

Alu

BTK

X

Lester et al. 1997 [257]

XLA

AluY

N/A

N/A

N/A

N

AS

E

N/A

N/A

 

4

Alu

BTK

X

Conley et al. 2005 [258]

XLA

AluY

281

74

N

N

S

E

AGAAATGTATGAGTAAGT

TTCT/AT

Same insertion site Conley et al. SVA

5

Alu

CD40LG

X

Apoil et al. 2007 [259]

HIGM

AluYb8

292

8

N

N

AS

E

AAAAATTTTC

TTTT/AT

 

6

Alu

CLCN5

X

Claverie-Martin et. al. 2003 [260]

Dent’s Disease

AluYa5

281

50

N

N

S

E

AGAAAATGCTCGAAAGA

TTCT/AT

 

7

Alu

CTRC

1

Masson et. al. 2013 [160]

Chronic pancreatitis

Alu

31

11

Y/5′TR

N

AS

53.9 kb Deletion

N/A

TCTT/AT

Deletes entire CTRC and ELA2A genes

8

Alu

PKLR

1

Lesmana et. al. 2015 [159]

Severe Hereditary Nonspherocytic Hemolytic Anemia

Yb8

288

70

N

N

S

E

AAGATCATCAGCAAA

TCTT/GA

consanguinity, consensus Yb8

9

Alu

FVIII

X

Sukarova et. al. 2001 [261]

Hemophilia A

AluYb8

290

47

N

N

AS

3 nt Deletion

No TSD

TTTC/AT

 

10

Alu

FVIII

X

Ganguly et. al. 2003 [262]

Hemophilia A

AluYb9

288

37

N

N

AS

I/Splicing

AAAAACCAACAGG

TTTT/AT

Consensus Yb9

11

Alu

FVIII

X

Green et. al. 2008 [263]

Hemophilia A

AluYb8

FL

N/A

N

N

AS

E

N/A

  

12

Alu

FIX

X

Vidaud et al. 1993 [264]

Hemophilia B

AluYa5a2

244

78

Y/5′TR

N

S

E

AAGAATGGCAGATGCGA

TCTT/AA

Same insertion site as Wulff et al. Alu

13

Alu

FIX

X

Wulff et al. 2000 [265]

Hemophilia B

AluYa5a2

237

39

Y/5′TR

N

S

E

AAGAATGGCAGATGC

TCTT/AA

Same insertion site as Vidaud et al. Alu

14

Alu

FIX

X

Li et al. 2001 [266]

Hemophilia B

AluY

279

40

Y/5′TR

N

AS

E

AAGAAACTGGTCCC

TCTT/AA

 

15

Alu

GK

X

Zhang et al. 2000 [267]

GKD

AluYc1

241

74

Y/5′TR

N

AS

I

AAAAAATAAG

TTTT/AA

 

16

Alu

IL2RG

X

Lester et al. 1997 [257]

XSCID

AluYa5

N/A

N/A

N/A

N

AS

I

N/A

N/A

 

17

Alu

CRB1

1

den Hollander et al. 1999 [268]

RP

AluY

244

70

Y/5′TR

N

AS

E

AAGAGTAAAGATGA

TCTT/GA

 

18

Alu

SERPINC1

1

Beauchamp et al. 2000 [269]

Type 1 ATP

Alu

6

40

Y/5′TR

N

AS

1.4 kb Deletion

N/A

TTCT/AT

Shortest Alu insertion

19

Alu

ALMS1

2

Taşkesen et al. 2012 [270]

Alström syndrome

AluYa5

257

76

Y/5′TR

N

S

E

AAAAGCCTAGAGAA

TTTT/AA

 

20

Alu

MSH2

2

Kloor et al. 2004 [271]

HNPCC

AluJ

85

40

Y/5′TR

N

S

E

N/A

N/A

Contains extra 99 nt 3′-of Alu, may be transduction or recombination

21

Alu

MSH2

2

Qian et al. 2015 [158]

Hereditary Cancer

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

E

N/A

N/A

Pan-cancer panel testing

22

Alu

ZFHX1B

2

Ishihara et al. 2004 [272]

MWS

AluYa5

281

93

N

N

S

E

AAAATTAAAACA

TTTT/AA

 

23

Alu

BCHE

3

Muratani et al. 1991 [273]

Cholinesterase deficiency

AluYb9

289

38

N

N

S

E

AAAAATATTTTTTCC

TTTT/AA

 

24

Alu

CASR

3

Janicic et al. 1995 [274]

FHH and NSHPT

AluYa5

280

93

N

N

AS

E

GAAAGCGTGAGCTGC

TTTC/AA

 

25

Alu

HESX1

3

Sobrier et al. 2005 [275]

Anterior Pituitary Aplasia

AluYb8

288

30

N

N

S

E

AGAAAATGTCTTTAGA

TTCT/AA

 

26

Alu

OPA1

3

Gallus et al. 2010 [276]

ADOA

AluYb8

289

25

N

N

AS

I/Splicing

AAAAATTTTAAAAAGTT

TTTT/AC

 

27

Alu

MLVI2

5

Economou-Pachnis and Tsichlis 1985 [277]

Associated with leukemia

AluYa5

280

26

N

N

AS

I

GAAAATGT

TTTC/AT

 

28

Alu

APC

5

Halling et al. 1999 [278]

Hereditary desmoid disease

AluYb8

278

40

Y/5′TR

N

S

E

AAGAATAATG

TCTT/AA

Same insertion site as Miki et al. L1

29

Alu

APC

5

Su et al. 2000 [279]

FAP

AluYb9

93

60

Y/5′TR

N

AS

I/Splicing

No TSD

TTTT/AA

1.6 kb intronic deletion

30

Alu

APC

5

Qian et al. 2015 [158]

Hereditary Cancer

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

E

N/A

N/A

Pan-cancer panel testing

31

Alu

MAK

6

Tucker et al. 2011 [280], Edwin Stone, personal communication

RP

AluYb8

281

57

N

N

AS

E

AAAGAAAAAA

CTTT/AA

Identified by exome resequence

32

Alu

NT5C3

7

Manco et al. 2006 [281], Leticia Ribeiro, personal communication

Chronic hemolytic anemia

Alu Ya5

281

36

N

N

S

E

AAGAATGGCAGATGG

TCTT/AA

 

33

Alu

CFTR

7

Chen et al. 2008 [282]

Cystic Fibrosis

AluY

46

57

Y/5′TR

N

AS

E

AAGAATCCCACCTATAAT

TCTT/AA

 

34

Alu

CFTR

7

Chen et al. 2008 [282]

Cystic Fibrosis

AluYa5

281

56

N

N

S

E

AATAGAAATGATTTTTGTC

TCTC/AT

3′-Processing of (5′-CTC-3′)

35

Alu

EYA1

8

Abdelhak et al. 1997 [283]

BOR syndrome

AluYa5

n/a

97,31

N/A

N

AS

E

AAAAAATAAATGTGTG

TTTT/AA

PolyA tail shortening between generations

36

Alu

LPL

8

Okubo et al. 2007 [284]

LPL deficiency

AluYb9

150

60

Y/5′TR

N

AS

2.2 kb Deletion

No TSD

TTTT/AA

 

37

Alu

CHD7

8

Udaka et al. 2007 [285]

CHARGE syndrome

AluYa5/8

75

100

Y/5′TR

N

S

10 kb Deletion

No TSD

ATTT/AA

 

38

Alu

POMT1

9

Bouchet et al. 2007 [286]

Walker Warburg syndrome

AluYa5

290

53

N

N

AS

E

AAAAAGAGATGTACTG

TTTT/AC

 

39

Alu

FGFR2

10

Oldridge et al. 1999 [287]

Apert syndrome

AluYa5

283

69

N

N

AS

I/Splicing

AGAAAACAAGGGAAGCA

TTCT/AG

 

40

Alu

FGFR2

10

Oldridge et al. 1999 [287]

Apert syndrome

AluYb8

288

47

N

N

AS

E

AGAATTACCCGCCAAG

TTCT/AT

 

41

Alu

FGFR2

10

Bochukova et al. 2009 [288]

Apert syndrome

AluYk13

214

12

Y/5′TR

N

AS

E

AAAAGTTACATTCCG

TTTT/GA

 

42

Alu

FAS

10

Tighe et al. 2002 [289]

ALPS

AluYa5

281

33

N

N

AS

I

AGAATATTCTAAATGTG

TTCT/AA

 

43

Alu

SERPING1

11

Stoppa-Lyonnet et al. 1990 [290]

HAE

AluYc1

285

42

N

N

S

I

AAAAATACAAAAATTAG

TTTT/AG

 

44

Alu

HMBS

11

Mustajoki et al. 1999 [291]

AIP

AluYa5

279

39

N

N

AS

E

AAGAATCTTGTCCC

TCTT/GA

 

45

Alu

ATM

11

Qian et al. 2015 [158]

Hereditary Cancer

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

E

N/A

N/A

Pan-cancer panel testing

46

Alu

GNPTAB

12

Tappino et al. 2008 [292]

ML II

AluYa5

279

17

N

N

AS

E

AAAAACAACAACTGAG

TTTT/GA

 

47

Alu

BRCA2

13

Miki et al. 1996 [293]

Breast Cancer

AluYc1

281

62

N

N

S

E

AATCACAGGC

GATT/AT

 

48

Alu

BRCA2

13

Teugels et al. 2005 [294]

Breast Cancer

AluYa5

285

N/A

N

N

S

E

AAGAATCTGAACAT

TTCT/GC

3′ Processing 2 nt (5′-CT-3′)

49

Alu

BRCA2

13

Qian et al. 2015 [158]

Hereditary Cancer

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

E

N/A

N/A

Pan-cancer panel testing

50

Alu

BRCA2

13

Qian et al. 2015 [158]

Hereditary Cancer

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

E

N/A

N/A

Pan-cancer panel testing

51

Alu

BRCA2

13

Qian et al. 2015 [158]

Hereditary Cancer

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

E

N/A

N/A

Pan-cancer panel testing

52

Alu

BRCA2

13

Qian et al. 2015 [158]

Hereditary Cancer

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

E

N/A

N/A

Pan-cancer panel testing

53

Alu

BRCA2

13

Qian et al. 2015 [158]

Hereditary Cancer

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

E

N/A

N/A

Pan-cancer panel testing

54

Alu

BRCA2

13

Qian et al. 2015 [158]

Hereditary Cancer

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

E

N/A

N/A

Pan-cancer panel testing

55

Alu

BRCA2

13

Qian et al. 2015 [158]

Hereditary Cancer

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

E

N/A

N/A

Pan-cancer panel testing

56

Alu

BRCA2

13

Qian et al. 2015 [158]

Hereditary Cancer

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

E

N/A

N/A

Pan-cancer panel testing

57

Alu

PMM2

16

Schollen et al. 2007 [295]

CDG-Ia

AluYb8

263

10

Y/5′TR

N

AS

28 kb Deletion

No TSD

TTTT/AA

 

58

Alu

PALB2

16

Qian et al. 2015 [158]

Hereditary Cancer

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

E

N/A

N/A

Pan-cancer panel testing

59

Alu

BRCA1

17

Peixoto et al. 2013 [161]

Breast and Ovarian Cancer Family

AluYc

191

60

Y/5′TR

N

AS

23.3 kb Deletion

No TSD

CTTT/AG

 

60

Alu

BRCA1

17

Teugels et al. 2005 [294]

Breast Cancer

AluS

286

N/A

N

N

S

E

GAAAAAGAATCTGCTTT

TTTC/GA

 

61

Alu

BRCA1

17

Qian et al. 2015 [158]

Hereditary Cancer

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

E

N/A

N/A

Pan-cancer panel testing

62

Alu

NF1

17

Wallace et al. 1991 [23]

NF1

AluYa5

282

40

N

N

AS

I/Splicing

AAAAAAAAAAACAT

TTTT/AA

First report of de novo Alu insertion

63

Alu

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

AluY

280

N/A

N

N

S

I

AAAAAATTCAG

TTTT/AA

Same insertion site as Wimmer et al.a

64

Alu

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

AluY

281

N/A

N/A

N

AS

I

N/A

  

65

Alu

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

AluYa5

282

60

N

N

S

E

ATAAATAGCCTGGA

TTAT/AA

 

66

Alu

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

AluYa5

284

120

N

N

AS

E

AAAAAACTTGCT

TTTT/GA

Same insertion site as Wimmer et al.c

67

Alu

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

AluYa5

281

N/A

N

N

AS

E

AAAAAACTTGCTGATGG

TTTT/GA

Same insertion site as Wimmer et al.c

68

Alu

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

AluYa5

284

110

N

N

AS

E

AATAAAACCTAAAGA

TATT/GA

 

69

Alu

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

AluYa5

279

N/A

N

N

S

E

AAAAGAAGAACATAT

TTTT/GT

Same insertion site as Wimmer et al.b

70

Alu

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

AluYa5

264

60-85

Y/5′TR

N

AS

E

AAGAAGTGCGGTACCT

TCTT/GA

 

71

Alu

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

AluYb8

249

121

Y/5′TR

N

S

E

AAAGCAGTGC

CTTT/AT

 

72

Alu

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

AluYb8

288

N/A

N

N

AS

I

AAAAAAGAGAAAGACAA

TTTT/AA

Same insertion site as Wimmer et al.a

73

Alu

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

AluYb8

289

120

N

N

AS

E

AACAATGGTCTT

TGTT/AA

 

74

Alu

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

AluYb8

288

78-178

N

N

S

E

AAACAATGATGTTA

TTTC/AA

3′ Processing of 1 nt (C)

75

Alu

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

AluYb8

288

118

N

N

S

E

AAAAGAAGAACATAT

TTTT/GT

Same insertion site as Wimmer et al.b

76

Alu

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

AluYb8

268

121

Y/5′TR

N

AS

I

AAAAAACAAACAAACA

TTTT/GT

 

77

L1

CYBB

X

Meischl et al. 1998 [297], Brouha et al. 2002 [181]

CGD

L1 Ta

1722

101

Y/5′TR

Y (280)

S

E

AA

TGTT/GA

Maternal Meiosis I

78

L1

CYBB

X

Meischl et al. 2000 [298]

CGD

L1 Ta

836

69

Y/5′TR/INV

N

S

I/Splicing

AGAAATAACTATTTAA

TTCT/AA

 

79

L1

CHM

X

van den Hurk et al. 2003 [177]

Choroideremia

L1 Ta

6017

71

FL

Y (119/406)

AS

E

AGAAGATCAATTAG

TTCT/AA

Insertion in Early Development

80

L1

DMD

X

Musova et al. 2006 [299]

DMD

L1 Ta

452

41

Y/5′TR/INV

N

AS

E

AAATATCTTTATATCA

ATTT/AA

 

81

L1

DMD

X

Narita et al. 1993 [164]

DMD

L1 Ta

608

16

Y/5′TR

N

AS

E

No TSD

TCTT/AA

2 nt deletion

82

L1

DMD

X

Holmes et al. 1994 [176]

DMD

L1 Ta

1400

38

Y/5′TR/INV

Y(489)

S

E

AAATCATCTGCTGCT

ATTT/AA

First Report of L1 3′TR

83

L1

DMD

X

Yoshida et al. 1998 [300]

XLDCM

L1 Ta

530

73

Y/5′TR

N

AS

5′-UTR/Loss of mRNA

AAAAAAAACCTGGTAAA

TTTT/AT

Tissue specific loss of mRNA

84

L1

DMD

X

E Bakker & G van Omenn, personal communication

DMD

N/A

878

N/A

Y/5′TR

N

S

N/A

N/A

N/A

 

85

L1

DMD

X

Awano et al. 2010 [301], Solyom et al. 2011 [302]

DMD

L1 Ta

212

118

Y/5′TR

Y (212)

AS

E

GAA

TTTC/AA

Orphan 3′-transduction

86

L1

FVIII

X

Kazazian et al. 1988 [22]

Hemophilia A

L1 Ta

3800

54

Y/5′TR

N

S

E

AAAGACAAACAAAAC

CTTT/AA

First report of de novo L1 insertion

87

L1

FVIII

X

Kazazian et al. 1988 [22]

Hemophilia A

L1 preTa

2300

77

Y/5′TR/INV

N

AS

E

AATGTTTCCTTCTTTTC

CATT/AA

 

88

L1

FIX

X

Li et al. 2001 [266]

Hemophilia B

L1 Ta

463

68

Y/5′TR

N

S

E

AAAAATAGTGCTGATA

TTTT/AC

 

89

L1

FIX

X

Mukherjee et al. 2004 [303]

Hemophilia B

L1 Ta

163

125

Y/5′TR

N

S

E

GAAAAATGGATTGT

TTTC/AT

 

90

L1

RP2

X

Schwahn et al. 1998 [304]

XLRP

L1 Ta

6000

64

FL

N

S

I/Loss of mRNA

AAGACTGTAAGGTG

TCTT/AA

Interrupted polyA

91

L1

RPS6KA3

X

Martinez-Garay et al. 2003 [305]

Coffin-Lowry syndrome

L1 Hs

2800

Yes

Y/5′TR/INV

N

AS

E

AAGAAAACCTGCATTT

TCTT/AG

 

92

L1

ABDH5

3

Samuelov et al. 2011 [306], Eli Sprecher, personal communication

CDS

N/A

FL

N/A

N

N/A

N

I/Splicing

N/A

N/A

 

93

L1

MLH1

3

Qian et al. 2015 [158]

Hereditary Cancer

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

E

N/A

N/A

Pan-cancer panel testing

94

L1

MLH1

3

Qian et al. 2015 [158]

Hereditary Cancer

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

E

N/A

N/A

Pan-cancer panel testing

95

L1

APC

5

Miki et al. 1992 [200]

Colon cancer

L1Ta

520

222

Y/5′TR/INV

N

S

E

AAGAATAATG

TCTT/AA

Somatic Insertion/same insertion site as Halling et al. Alu

96

L1

EYA1

8

Morisada et al. 2010 [247]

BOR syndrome

L1 Hs

3756

None

Y/3′TR

N

AS

17 kb Deletion

No TSD

TCTC/AG

Internal Priming

97

L1

FKTN

9

Kondo-Iida et al. 1999 [307]

FCMD

L1Ta

1200

59

Y/5′TR

N

S

I/Splicing/6 nt Deletion

No TSD

TTTT/AA

 

98

L1

SETX

9

Bernard et al. 2009 [308], Christine Zühlke, personal communication

AOA2

L1 Hs

1300

42

Y/5′TR/INV

N

S

E

GGAAGAATGTGAACTGGCTA

TTCC/AG

3′-processing 2 nt (5′-CC-3′)

99

L1

PTEN

10

Helman et al. 2014 [201]

endometrial carcinoma

L1 Hs

90

22

Y/5′TR

N

S

E

AAAGAATCATCTGGATTATAG

CTTT/AA

Somatic Insertion

100

L1

HBB

11

Divoky et al. 1996 [309]

β-thalassemia

L1 Ta

6000

107

FL

N

AS

I

AAAATAAAAGCAGA

TTTT/AT

 

101

L1

PDHX

11

Mine et al. 2007 [310]

PDHc deficiency

L1 Hs

6086

67

FL

N

S

46 kb Deletion

No TSD

TTTT/AT

 

102

L1

SLCO1B3

12

Kagawa et al. 2015 [157]

Rotor syndrome

L1 Ta-1d

5989

100

Near FL

N

S

I/Splicing

AAGAATTAATAGTGACAGT

TCTT/AC

0.054 Japanese Allele Frequency, may be “Hot L1”

103

L1

RB1

13

Rodriguez-Martin et al.2016 [202]

Familial Retinoblastoma

L1 Ta-1d

6044

33

FL

N

S

I/Splicing

AAATTATCTGTTTC

ATTT/AA

N/A

104

L1

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

L1 preTa

1800

N/A

Y/5′TR

N

S

E

AAAAACGAAACTGTGT

TTTT/AT

Untemplated 3′- T?

105

L1

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

L1 Ta

6000

N/A

FL

N

S

E

AAAAATCGAGGG

TTTT/AA

Untemplated 3′- T?

106

L1

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

N/A

2200

N/A

Y/5′TR/INV

N

AS

I/Splicing

AAGAAAATGGT

TCTT/AA

 

107

SVA

BTK

X

Rohrer et al. 1999 [311], Conley et al. 2005 [258]

XLA

N/A

251

92

Y/5′TR

N

S

E

AGAAATGTATGAGTAA

TTCT/AT

Same insertion site as Conley et. al. Alu

108

SVA

TAF1

X

Makino et al. 2007 [312]

XDP

F

2627

62

FL

N

AS

I

AAAAAAAAAAAATGAAATAG

TCCT/AT

3′-Processing 3 nt (5′-CCT-3′)

109

SVA

FIX

X

Nakamura et.al. 2015 [156]

Hemophilia B

F

2524

28

FL

N

AS

E

AAATGGCACTAGAA

TTCC/AT

3′-Processing 1 nt (5′-C-3′)

110

SVA

LDRAP1

1

Wilund et al. 2002 [313]

ARH

E

2600

57

FL

N

S

I/Splicing

GAAACCTGTTTTCTC

TTTC/AA

 

111

SVA

SPTA1

1

Hassoun et al. 1994 [314], Ostertag et al. 2003 [24]

HE and HPP

E

632

50

Y/5′TR/INV

Y (183/599)

S

E

GAAATTTGAAGACTTCCAAGT

TTTC/AA

Orphan 3′-transduction

112

SVA

CASP8

2

Stacey et al. 2016 [203]

Breast Cancer Susceptibility

E

2782

N/A

FL

N

AS

I/Decreased RNA

AAGAATTTGA

TCTT/AT

Protective against prostate cancer; active locus?

113

SVA

A4GNT

3

Nazaryan et al. 2015 [155]

Chromothripsis

E

502

None

Y/5′TR (VNTR)

N

AS

I

N/A

TTTT/GA

First report of large scale rearrangement and an insertion. Implicates retrotransposition in germline chromothripsis.

114

SVA

HLA-A

6

Takasu et al. 2007 [315]

Leukemia

F1

2000

45

FL

N/A

AS

14 kb Deletion

N/A

CCTT/AG

Novel SVA subfamily (F1)

115

SVA

PMS2

7

van der Klift et al. 2012 [154]

Lynch syndrome

F

2200

64

Y/5′TR (VNTR)

N

S

I/Splicing

AAGAATGTGCCATGTGA

TCTT/AA

SVA exonization

116

SVA

FKTN

9

Kobayashi et al. 1998 [162]

FCMD

E

3023

32

FL

N

S

3′UTR/Splicing

AAGAAAAAAAAAATTGT

TCTT/AA

 

117

SVA

PNPLA2

11

Akman et al. 2010 [316]

NLSDM

E

1800

44

Y/5′TR

N

S

E

AAAGAGGCCCGG

CTTT/AG

 

118

SVA

SUZ1P

17

Vogt et al. 2014 [153]

NF1

F1

1700

23

Y/5′TR (VNTR)

Y (282/160)

AS

I/Deletion of NF1

N/A

TTTT/AC

Largest reported insertion associated deletion (~1 Mb), somatic

119

SVA

SUZ1P

17

Vogt et al. 2014 [153]

NF1

F

1300

40

Y/5′TR (VNTR)

N

AS

I/Deletion of NF1

N/A

CTTT/AC

867 kb deletion, somatic

120

Processed Pseudogene

CYBB

X

de Boer et al. 2014 [152]

CGD

N/A

5739

100

FL

No

AS

I/Splicing

AAAACTCAAAGACTC

TTTT/AA

First reported de novo processed pseudogene (TMF1)

121

pA

COL4A6

X

Segal et al. 1999 [317]

Alport syndrome

N/A

N/A

70

N/A

N/A

AS

13.4 kb Deletion

No TSD

TTCT/AT

 

122

pA

AGA

4

Jalanko et al. 1995 [318]

AGU

N/A

N/A

37

N/A

N/A

AS

2 kb Deletion

No TSD

TTCT/AA

 

123

pA

BRCA2

13

Wang et al. 2001 [319]

Breast Cancer

N/A

N/A

35

N/A

N/A

S

6.2 kb Deletion

No TSD

TTCT/AA

 

124

pA

NF1

17

Wimmer et al. 2011 [296]

NF1

N/A

130

120

N/A

N/A

AS

E

AAGAAA

TCTTNAA

 
  1. Data for this table were compiled from the primary references listed and reports prior to 2009 are reviewed in the following: Ostertag and Kazazian 2001 [35], Chen et al. 2006 [150], Belancio et al. 2008 [151], Hancks and Kazazian 2012 [86]
  2. A few insertions were left off the list as they were common polymorphisms or did not cause disease. The following websites and databases were used in the analysis: http://www.repeatmasker.org/, Repbase (http://www.girinst.org/), http://dbrip.brocku.ca/, The following symbols, a,b,c, indicate same insertion site in Wimmer et al. [296]
  3. Abbreviations: TR truncation, INV inversion, E exon, FL full-length, I intron
  4. Disease acronyms: ADOA Autosomal dominant optic atrophy, AGU Aspartylglucosaminuria, AIP Acute intermittent porphyria, ALD Adrenoleukodystrophy, ALPS Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, AOA2 Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 2, ARH Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia, BOR Branchio-oto-renal syndrome, CDG-Ia Congenital disorders of glycosylation type Ia, CDS Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome, CGD Chronic granulomatous disease, DMD Duchenne muscular dystrophy, FAP Familial adenomatous polyposis, FCMD Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy, FHH and NSHPT Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism, GKD Glycerol kinase deficiency, HAE Hereditary form of angioedema, HE and HPP Hereditary elliptocytosis and hereditary pyropoikilocytosis, HIGM Hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome, HNPCC Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome, LPL Lipoprotein lipase, MLII Mucolipidosis Type II, MWS Mowat-Wilson syndrome, NF1 Neurofibromatosis Type I, PDHc Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency, NLSDM Neutral lipid storage disease with subclinical myopathy, RP Retinitis pigmentosa, Type 1 ATP Type 1 antithrombin deficiency, XDP X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism, XLA X-linked agammaglobulinemia, XLDCM X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy, XLRP X-linked retinitis pigmentosa, XSCID X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency