Fig. 3

Hypothesis for HTTs involving Hel_c35 sequences closely related to the one found in C. vestalis. Arrows represent the probable direction of HTTs and numbers indicate the order which most HTTs events in each geographical region occurred. The earliest event from a Diptera or Lepidoptera species to C. vestalis (1) was followed by HTTs from C. vestalis to multiple insects from several orders, initially to species found in Southeast Asia (2) and more recently to species from Europe (3). Although most HTTs in 2 appear to have occurred earlier than those in 3, some European species are interspersed with, or more basal in relation to some Southeast Asian species, indicating that this chronological division is not clear cut