Fig. 3

ZNF676 and ZNF728 are evolutionary paralogs that target respectively LTR12 and ERV9 families, and have appeared ~20MYA, concomitant with their target TEs. A Annotated gene transcripts in KZFP gene cluster containing ZNF676 and ZNF728 on chr19, hg19. Data from “UCSC Genes” track in UCSC genome browser. B Comparative protein alignment of ZNF676’s and ZNF728’s KRAB zinc fingerprints (4 DNA-contacting residues per zinc finger, X axis) and KRAB domains (Y axis). Closeness to 1 indicates high similarity. C Comparative alignment of ZNF676’s and ZNF728’s DNA-contacting residues (4 per zinc finger, positions -1, 2, 3, and 6) across primate genomes. Similar zinc fingers within ZNF676 are highlighted in the same color. D Primate-specificity of ZNF676 and ZNF728 orthologs. X-axis: genomes scanned by in-house KZFP-detecting program. Red line: similarity of DNA-contacting residues in the closest ortholog across species. Grey line: estimated appearance date of ZNF676 in primate genomes. Visual estimate based on sharp increase of the DNA-binding domain similarity. E Colonization of primate genomes by full-length ERV9 integrants. Heatmap depicting all Repeatmasker-annotated ERV9 loci in hg38 human genome and their liftOver orthologous loci in primate species. White = not detected. Red = detected and annotated as same subfamily member. Blue = detected and annotated as same family member. Grey = detected and not annotated. Color intensity = similarity (by percentage of sequence aligned) normalized by integrant length relative to consensus