Fig. 2

a Copy-and-paste transposition explores the nuclear space by diffusing from the periphery towards the interior, i.e. outside-in. The large-scale nuclear architecture, i.e. inverted or conventional [95], Lamin Associated Domains (LADs) [21], compartments [71] and enhancers hot-spots [83, 86], are expected to play the biggest roles in the integration site selection. b–c Cut-and-paste transposition explores the nuclear interior inside-out. In this case, TAD-scale (∼1 Mbp) genome folding is expected to dominate and in particular open conformations will yield short range de novo re-integration whereas collapsed ones will lead to longer range re-integration. Duplication of the transposon is also possible by homologous DNA repair of the broken strands