Fig. 7From: The UCSC repeat browser allows discovery and visualization of evolutionary conflict across repeat familiesModel for L1PA evolution in different primate species. L1PA5 was active in the ancestor of human and rhesus, and expanded in a rhesus-specific fashion. ZNF93 evolved in the common ancestor of gibbons and humans (ape ancestor) to repress L1PA4 elements. In gibbons L1PA4 escaped with a small 20 bp deletion (blue); a second gibbon-specific deletion event (green) near the ZNF765 binding site led to gibbon-specific expansion of L1PA4. In great apes (human-orangutan ancestor) a 129 bp deletion (blue) in L1PA3 allowed ZNF93 evasion. In orangutans (possibly in response to an orangutan specific KZNF) a new 11 bp deletion occurred and lead to orangutan-specific expansion of L1PA3. In gorillas, continued expansion of L1PA2 is not associated with deletions in the 5’UTR suggesting that this expansion is due either to lack of a chimp/bonobo/human repression factor or point mutations in gorilla L1PA2. A few gorilla, bonobo and human L1PA2 instances experience small deletions (brown and red); the red deletions are in a similar location to the orangutan L1PA3 deletion. Species silhouette images from phylopic.orgBack to article page