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Fig. 1 | Mobile DNA

Fig. 1

From: The toxic guardians — multiple toxin-antitoxin systems provide stability, avoid deletions and maintain virulence genes of Pseudomonas syringae virulence plasmids

Fig. 1

Functional analysis of putative stability determinants from the three native plasmids of P. syringae pv. savastanoi NCPPB 3335. a Maps of the native plasmids showing the relative position of the stability determinants analysed (red; Table 1), replication initiator protein genes (black), copies of the IS801 isoform CRR1 (orange), MITEs (green) and virulence genes (purple). b Growth patterns of E. coli NEB10β containing the toxin gene from the indicated TA systems cloned behind a PBAD promoter, or the empty vector (pBAD24). The vertical dashed line indicates the time when cultures received glucose (black lines), which repressed expression, or arabinose (grey lines), which induced expression. Values of OD600 (OD) versus time (t) are the average of three replicates; graphs are representative of at least 4 independent clones. c Bars indicate the percentage (mean ± sd) of P. syringae pv. syringae B728a cells retaining pKMAG-C alone (pK) or the cloned stability determinants tested in this study (panel a; Table 1). For TA systems leading to > 50% of plasmid retention, we show to their right retention values given by their corresponding antitoxins cloned alone. Experiments were repeated three times, each with three replicates. Means with different letters are significantly different (one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test; p < 0.05)

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