Transposable elements in a marginal plant population: temporal fluctuations provide new insights into genome evolution of wild diploid wheat

Table 1 Number of Spelt 1, Spelt 52, and 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clusters and percentage of major chromosomal rearrangements per diploid genome in studied genotypes

Genotype	Spelt 1		Spelt 52		Inversions (paracentric and pericentric)		Translocations		B chromosomes	5S rDNA (chromosomes 5, 1, 6, B chromosomes)
	Sum	Deletions terminal %	Sum	Deletions distal %	Sum	%	Sum	%	Sum	Sum	%
Norm*	28	0	28	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	100
TS 84	26	7.14	18	35.71	2	7.14	0	0	0	2	100
G9 original	2	92.86	9	67.86	0	0	2	7.14	3	12	600
G9 S1	2	92.86	11	60.71	0	0	1	3.57	5	16	800
G9 S2	2	92.86	9	67.86	2	7.14	1	3.57	5	16	800
G13 original	2	92.86	12	57.14	1	3.57	2	7.14	0	2	100
G13 S1	1	96.43	12	57.14	0	0	2	7.14	0	2	100
G13 S2	2	92.86	6	78.57	2	7.14	2	7.14	0	2	100
G13 S3	1	96.43	6	82.14	2	7.14	2	7.14	0	6	300
G14 original	2	92.86	10	64.29	2	7.14	0	0	2	10	500
G14 S1	2	92.86	8	71.43	0	0	2	7.14	3	12	600
G14 S2	2	92.86	9	67.86	1	3.57	2	7.14	4	14	700
G14 S3	2	92.86	10	64.29	2	7.14	2	7.14	3	12	600

*Norm = each chromosome in diploid genome (2n = 14, 28 chromosome arms) potentially carries 1 Spelt 1 and 1 Spelt 52 cluster in each arm (that is, 28 clusters in total of Spelt 1 equated to 100%, and 28 clusters of Spelt 52 equated to 100%). Deficiency of 1 Spelt 1 cluster (that is, single terminal deletion per 28 chromosome arms) equated to 3.57%, the same as deficiency of one Spelt 52 cluster (single distal deletion) equated to 3.57% per diploid genome.
Inversions and translocations: single inversion or translocation per 28 chromosome arms equated to 3.57%. Markers for inversions: CCS-1, telomeric probe, Spelt 1, Spelt 52, and AT-positive heterochromatic bands.
Normally chromosome 5 carries one 5S rDNA cluster (two clusters per diploid genome equated to 100%).
Extranumerary B chromosomes regularly carry one 5S rDNA cluster in each arm, thus a single B chromosome adds two 5S rDNA clusters per diploid genome accordingly.
Chromosomes 1 and 6 could carry additional 5S rDNA clusters in homozygote and heterozygote, consequently each among them could add a single additional 5S rDNA cluster, from one to four clusters per diploid genome.
CCS-1 = cereal centromere-specific sequence 1; rDNA/RNA = ribosomal DNA/RNA.

ISSN: 1759-8753