Horizontal transfer mode | Documented transfers |
---|---|
Uptake of environmental DNA | |
 | |
 | Plastid transfection [172] |
 | Mammalian cell transfection [173, 174] and lipofection [175, 176] |
Conjugal transfer | Bacteria -- bacteria [74] |
 | Bacteria -- yeast [177] |
 | |
Viral transduction and gene transfer agents | |
 | Bacteria -- plant [181] |
 | Animal cell -- animal cell [182] |
 | Animal cell -- virus [183] |
Parasitic or endosymbiotic association | Plant -- fern [184] |
 | |
 | Bacteria -- invertebrate [89] |
Undetermined mechanism | Archaea -- bacteria [76] |